Trends in the Development of Digital Forensics: Challenges and Prospects for Criminal Justice Agencies

Abstract

The relevance of this study is driven by the rapid digitalization of society and the necessity for forensic science to adapt to contemporary realities. Traditional methods of collecting, examining, and utilizing evidence are becoming insufficient for addressing the challenges of modern criminal proceedings, as an increasing number of offenses leave digital traces. This article aims to analyze trends in the development of digital forensics, identify key challenges in detecting, recording, seizing, and examining digital evidence, explore the use of modern digital devices and information technologies for investigative purposes, and propose prospective directions for enhancing the work of criminal justice agencies. To achieve this goal, normative-legal analysis, comparative-legal approaches, and case study analyses were employed. The research was based on a review of contemporary scientific publications, legislative acts, and judicial practices, allowing for the identification of both positive aspects of applying modern technologies in criminal proceedings and issues related to their implementation.​

The findings indicate that the use of advanced technologies significantly expands the capabilities of criminal justice agencies but simultaneously presents challenges and problems. Specifically, it was established. There is a lack of a unified terminology framework, both at the scientific and normative levels, in this context, necessitating improvements in current legislation.​ Challenges exist in detecting, recording, and seizing digital traces.​There is an insufficiency of comprehensive scientific and practical developments regarding the use of digital forensic tools.​ There is a need to update and develop new methodologies for conducting forensic examinations, considering scientific and technological advancements.​ The qualifications of criminal justice personnel in handling digital evidence are inadequate, highlighting the importance of continuous professional development for investigators, prosecutors, detectives, and judges in collecting, utilizing, examining, and assessing digital information. Additionally, incorporating these topics into the curricula of higher legal educational institutions is essential to develop competencies in digital forensics.​ There is an absence of unified international standards regarding the use of digital forensic tools and legal mechanisms for cooperation among law enforcement agencies, underscoring the importance of enhancing international collaboration and experience exchange at both practical and scientific levels.​ The article proposes directions for addressing these issues. Future research should focus on developing unified methodological standards and normative-legal mechanisms to ensure the effective integration of digital forensics into the criminal justice system.