Ecosystem approach in international environmental law: from the idea of conservation of natural ecosystems to the emergence of a holistic concept
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990X.157.256982Keywords:
international environmental law, ecosystem, conservation of natural ecosystems, ecosystem management, ecosystem approachAbstract
The article explores the historical foundations of the formation and development of the ecosystem approach in international environmental law from the idea of conservation of natural ecosystems to the emergence of a holistic concept within the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which was adopted on June 5, 1992, and which considers the ecosystem approach as a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way.
It has been proven that certain aspects of this approach can be traced in previously adopted acts, among which Declaration on the maritime zone 1952, Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially Waterfowl Habitat 1971, Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1973, Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement 1978, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 1979, Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats 1979, Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources 1980, World Charter for Nature 1982, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, Declaration on Conservation of Flora, Fauna and their Habitats 1988, Convention on the Protection of the Alps 1991, Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes 1992, Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area 1992, Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution 1992, Declaration on Environment and Development 1992, etc.
On the basis of a thorough analysis of the above-mentioned and other international legal documents, the conclusion is made about their influence on the process of formation of the ecosystem approach at the international level.
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