Environmental security in the international security system: definition problems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.151.217727Keywords:
danger, security, challenge to security, environmental conflict, environmental security, environmental rights, international environmental lawAbstract
The experience of the XX – the beginning of XXI century demonstrates the crucial importance of security for human existence. Safety study is a scientific field which is not developed enough, although its results are already de facto different from what has been studied by other sciences. Innovations in scientific knowledge, taking into account the new problems, risks and security threats identified, confirm this fact.
After the end of the Cold War, a new international legal order was formed, as a result of that, studies in the field of security required its rethinking as a social phenomenon from a broader methodological points of view, not reducing security only to neutralizing military threats. Identification of subtypes of security (political, military, economic, environmental, food, energy, etc.) by field feature, depending on the presence of threats to a particular group of values does not lead to the loss of the international system of its integrity, but only groups similar variables within the system which contributes to their studies and interpretations. Attempts to build a hierarchy of security subtypes within international security are not rational enough, given their interdependence, as well as (interest, knowledge, worldview, etc.), which guide certain authors in building such a hierarchy.
As a result of the variety of approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "environmental security", researches which are conducted in the XXI century are losing elements of simplicity inherent in the developments of the XX century. The use of an interdisciplinary approach complicates the coordination of environmental security research, but at the same time meets modern needs.
The paper proves the inadequacy of the traditional understanding of security and shows that global changes in the environment create new conflicts, threats and challenges, and thus demonstrate the urgent need to look for new forms of cooperation based on international law for humanity survival and ensuring of sustainable development.
The paper does not claim to reveal the full picture of the phenomenon being studied. Therefore, the author is fully aware of all the formal and conceptual shortcomings that the paper may contain, and welcome any comments, remarks on the provisions set out in it.
References
Allenby B.R. (2000). Environmental security: Concept and implementation. International Political Science Review. 21(1): 5–21.
Bajpai K. (2000). Human Security: Concept and Measurement. Kroc Institute Occasional Paper. №. 19. P. 68.
Balzacq T. (2009). Constructivism and Securitization Studies. The Routledge Handbook of Security Studies. London: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203866764.ch5.
Barrett, C.B. 2013: Food or consequences: food security and its implications for global sociopolitical stability. In: Food Security and Sociopolitical Stability [Barrett, C.B. (ed.)]. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 1–34.
Belluck D. A., Hull R. N., Benjamin S., Alcorn J. (2007). Environmental Security in Harbors and Coastal Areas: Definitions and Current Trends. Environmental Security in Harbors and Coastal Areas. Pp. 3-17. doi: 10.1007/1-4020-3893-3_01.
Bezopasnost. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar. T. III: Banki – Berger / Izdateli: F. A. Brokgauz, I. A. Efron; Pod red. I. E. Andreevskogo. SPb.: Semenovskaya Tipo-Litografiya (I.A.Efrona), Fontanka, № 92, 1891. 480 s.
Brauch H. G. Security Threats, Challenges, Vulnerability and Risks. International security, peace, development and environment. Vol. I. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). URL: https://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C14/E1-39B-02.pdf.
Bulgakov M. B., Yalbulganov A. A. Prirodoohrannyie aktyi: ot «Russkoy pravdyi» do petrovskih vremen. Gosudarstvo i pravo. 1996. №2. S. 136–146.
Buzan B. (1991). New Patterns of Global Security in the Twenty-First Century. Royal Institute of International Affairs. № 3 (67). P. 431–451.
Buzan B. (2009). The English school and international security. The Routledge Handbook of Security Studies. London: Routledge. Рр. 34–44. doi: 10.4324/9780203866764.ch3.
Buzan B. (2006). The «War on Terrorism» as the new Macro-Securitization. Oslo: Oslo Workshop papers. 1–25.
Caney S. (2010). Climate change, human rights and moral thresholds. In: Human Rights and Climate Change [Humphreys, S. (ed.)]. International Council on Human Rights Policy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 69–90.
Cardy W. F. G. (1994). Environment and forced migration. A review, Nairobi. p. 2.
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Official Journal of the European Communities C 364/1. 18.12.2000.
Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press. Pp.755-791. doi: 0.1017/CBO9781107415379.017.URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314527967_Human_Security.
Dalby S. (1992). Ecopolitical discourse: «‘Environmental security»’ and political geography. Progress in Human Geography. 16 (4): 503–522.
Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, General Assembly's Resolution 2625 (XXV), 24 October 1970. URL: http://www.un-documents.net/a25r2625.htm.
Déjeant-Pons M. and Pallemaerts M. (2002).Human Rights and the Environment. Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg.
Ejdus F. Međunarodna bezbednost: teorije, sektori i nivoi. Beograd: Službeni glasnik. 2012. 69 p.
EU Environmental Law: Challenges, Change and Decision-Making by Maria Lee, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2005, xxxix, + 270 + (index) 5 pp.
Getman A. P., Kostitsky V. V. (2013). Environmental Human Rights in I. National and International Legal Doctrine. Problems of Legality. №124. Рр.68–80.
Hilson, C. and Downes, T. (1999). Making sense of rights: Community rights in EC Law. European Law Review. 24: 121–138.
Hilson, C. (1997). Community rights in environmental law: rhetoric or reality? J. Holder (ed.), The Impact of EC Environmental Law in the United Kingdom. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 51-68.
Hilson C. (2018). The visibility of environmental rights in the EU legal order: eurolegalism in action? Journal of European Public Policy. 25 (11). Pp. 1589¬1609. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2017.1329335.
Hough P. (2019). Back to the future: environmental security in nineteenth century global politics. Global Security: Health, Science and Policy. An Open Access Journal. Vol. 4. Issue 1.doi: 10.1080/23779497.2019.1663128.
Ivanic, M.,W. Martin, and H. Zaman (2012). Estimating the short-run poverty impacts of the 2010-11 surge in food prices. World Development. 40(11). 2302–2317.
Jeffords Ch., Gellers J. C. (2017). Constitutionalizing Environmental Rights: A Practical Guide. Journal of Human Rights Practice. № 1. Рр. 136–145. doi: 10.1093/jhuman/hux001.
Kachuriner V. L. Pravove rehuliuvannia ekolohichnoi polityky Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu u sferi vyrobnytstva : dys. ... kand. yuryd. nauk : 12.00.11. Odesa, 2016. 243 s.
King G., Murray Ch. (2001). Rethinking Human Security. Political Science Quarterly. Vol. 116, N 4. Pp. 585-610. Doi: 10.2307/798222.
Macmillan English Dictionary, second edition (Macmillan English Dictionary, second edition). Macmillan Publisher Limited. 2007. 1748 p.
Marsh G. (1864). Man and nature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (re-printed 1965).
Mathew, R., Barnett, J., McDonald, B., O’Brien, K., & Dabelko, G. (eds). (2010). Global environmental change and human security. Boston: MIT. 32 р.
McDonald M. (2008). Constructivism. Williams P. D. (ed.) Security Studies: An introduction. New York: Routledg. Рр. 59–72.
Medvedieva M. O. Teoretychni ta praktychni aspekty realizatsii mizhnarodnopravovykh norm u haluzi okhorony navkolyshnoho seredovyshcha. K. : Feniks, 2012. 484 s.
Mesjasz C. (2004). Security as an analytical concept : Paper presented at the 5th Pan-European conference on International Relations, in The Hague, 9–11 September 2004. URL: http://www.afes-press.de/pdf/Hague/Mesjasz_Security_concept.pdf.
Myers N. (1993). Environmental Refugees in a Globally Warmed World, «BioScience». 43(11). p. 752–761.
Palme O. (1982). Introduction. Common Security: Common Security: A Blueprint for Survival. The Report of the Independent Commission on Disarmament and Security Issues,. London: Simon and Schuster. 202 p.
Plessis A du (2008). Public participation, Good Environmental Governance and fulfilment of Environmental rights. PER /PELJ. Vol. 11 No 2. Pp.170–200. Doi: 10.17159/1727-3781/2008/v11i2a2762.
Prechal, S. and Hancher, L. (2002). Individual environmental rights: conceptual pollution in EU environmental law. Yearbook of European Environmental Law 2: 89–115.
Romaniuk N. I., Korniichuk N.M. Normatyvno-pravova baza formuvannia ekolohichnoi polityky Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu. Naukovyi visnyk Volynskoho natsionalnoho uiversyte-tu im. Lesi Ukrainky. 2012. № 20. S. 81-87.
Ruska pravda (prostorova redaktsiia). Ivanov V. M. Istoriia derzhavy i prava Ukrainy : pidruchnyk. Kyiv : KUP NANU, 2013. 892 s.
Safety. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/safety-condition.
Savelev A. O storozhevyih zasechnyih liniyah na yuge drevney Rusi. M. : Tipografiya Imperatorskoy Akademii nauk, 1876. 6 s.
Shevkunova Ye. O. Dzherela mizhnarodnoho ekolohichnoho prava: stanovlennia ta rozvytok : avtoref. dys. na zdobuttia nauk. stupenia kand. yuryd. nauk : spets. 12.00.11. «Mizhnarodne pravo». K., 2014. 18 s.
Spiegeleire S. De, Sweijs T., Chivot E. (2013). Reconceptualizing Security. Final Deliverable of Work Package 1.1 (Concepts of Security). 417 p. DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3090.8485. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229428362_Reconceptualizing_Security_Final_Deliverable_of_Work_Package_11_Concepts_of_Security.
Statut pro nadily hospodaria korolia Y.M. u vsomu Velykomu kniazivstvi Lytovskomu roku 1557 kvitnia 1 (Statutu na voloky). Ivanov V. M. Istoriia derzhavy i prava Ukrainy : pidruchnyk. Kyiv : KUP NANU, 2013. 892 s.
Statut Velykoho kniazivstva Lytovskoho 1529 r. Ivanov V. M. Istoriia derzhavy i prava Ukrainy : pidruchnyk. Kyiv : KUP NANU, 2013. 892 s.
Stone M. (2009). Security According to Buzan: A Comprehensive Security Analysis. Security Discussion Papers Series 1. URL: http://geest.msh-paris.fr/IMG/pdf/Security_for_Buzan.mp3.pdf
Sudha Venu Menon (2007). Human security: Concept and practice. MPRA Paper No. 2478. URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/213888048.pdf.
Terminski B. (2012). Environmentally-Induced Displacement.Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges. Geneva. URL: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/156129/49001eee0962ea9df0ae6762f6ea8c9d.pdf.
Terriff T. (2000) Security Studies Today. Cambridge: Polity Press. 240 р.
Volkov N. (2019). Observation and Protection of Citizens’ Environmental Rights in a Coal Mining Region. E3S Web of Conferences 105, 04004. IV-th International Innovative Mining Symposium. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/201910504004.
Walt S. The Renaissance of Security Studies. International Studies Quarterly. Vol. 35, № 2. 1991. P. 211–239.
Williams P. D. (ed.) Security Studies: An introduction. New York: Routledg. 576 р.
Wolfers A (1962). National Security as an Ambiguous Symbol. Discord and Collaboration. Essays on International Politics John Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, pp. 147–165.
Yakovlev A. I. Zasechnaya cherta Moskovskogo gosudarstva v XVII veke : ocherk iz istorii oboronyi yuzhnoy okrainyi Moskovskogo gosudarstva. Moskva : Tip. G. Lissnera i D. Sovko, 1916. IX, 321 s. S. 16–20.
Yakupov A. M. O prirode opasnosti i bezopasnosti, formah ih proyavleniya i «zonah zhivuchesti» sistem. Sovremennyie problemyi transportnogo kompleksa Rossii. 2014. № 5. S. 67–74.
Yakupov A. M. Priroda opasnosti i nauka «Bezopasnost sistem i cheloveka». Zhizn. Bezopasnost. Ekologiya. 2006. №1-2. S. 324–381.
Zurlini G., Muller F. (2008). Environmental Security. Sven Erik Jørgensen and Brian D. Fath (Editor-in-Chief), Systems Ecology. Vol. [2] of Encyclopedia of Ecology, 5 vols. Oxford: Else. Рp. 1350–1356.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Валерія Павлівна Полич
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
