History of the formation and development of legal regulation of the EU member states cooperation оn combating legalization of illegally obtained incomes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.145.163662Keywords:
legalization of illegally obtained incomes, transnational crimes, "money laundering", European Union, EU AML directivesAbstract
The article is devoted to the study of the history of the formation and development of legal regulation of cooperation between EU Member States оn combating legalization of illegally obtained incomes (money laundering). Such an analysis is relevant, since it provides an opportunity to follow the evolution of such cooperation and ways to improve the forms and mechanisms of collective activity of states in this area, which can serve as a model for best practices aimed at increasing the efficiency of both national measures to combat money laundering and those which can be applied in other regional institutions. It was stated that the legal regulation of the EU's activities in the field of struggle against “dirty money” developed on the basis of legal developments, which was formed and continues to evolve at the universal international legal level and within the framework of the Council of Europe. It has been found that the specifics of the regulation of the combating money laundering in the European Union are due both to the level of integration of its Member States and to the peculiarities of regulation of issues that are the subject of their common interest. Attention is drawn to the fact that the creation of a common market has encouraged Member States to find an optimal model for ensuring its normal and safe functioning. Therefore, despite the fact that the fight against crime is primarily the competence of each Member State, and the joint solution of problems in this area takes place through the use of intergovernmental methods of cooperation, the Union, nevertheless, introduces in relation to counteracting the legalization of funds obtained illegally, supranational regulation through the adoption of directives. The latest directives take into account current trends in financial crime, committed with the use of the latest technologies and often with the participation of transnational criminal organizations.
References
GDP per capita, current prices // World Economic Outlook (October, 2018). International Monetary Fund. URL: https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/AZE/GEO.
Prachechnyye dlya mafii. Demping ot Al Kapone. (2013). Finansovyj direktor. Iyun (№ 6) [in Russian]
Babii, L.M. (2012). Vidmyvannia «brudnykh» koshtiv: istoriia vynyknennia poniattia, normatyvne vyznachennia, yoho sutnist i suspilna nebezpeka. Finansovyi monitorynh. URL: http://libfor.com/index.php?newsid=1251 [in Ukrainian]
Jeffrey Robinson. (1996). The Laundrymen: Inside Money Laundering, the World's Third-largest Business/ Arcade Publishing.
Butkevych, S.A. (2008). Dosvid SShA shchodo zapobihannia ta protydii lehalizatsii dokhodiv, oderzhanykh zlochynnym shliakhom. Uchen. zap. Tavrych. nats. un-ta ym. V. Y. Vernadskoho. Ser. «Iuryd. nauky». Vol. 21 (60), 1, 68–74 [in Ukrainian]
Butkevych, S.A. Mizhnarodno-pravove rehuliuvannia borotby z vidmyvanniam dokhodiv, oderzhanykh zlochynnym shliakhom. URL: http://radnuk.info/statti/226-admin-pravo/14532-2011-01-18-03-45-59.html.
Butkevych, S.A. (2004). Mizhnarodno-pravovyi dosvid protydii lehalizatsii “brudnykh” hroshei. Visn. Nats. un-tu vnutr. sprav, issue 25, 62–66 [in Ukrainian]
Konventsiia Orhanizatsii Obiednanykh Natsii pro borotbu proty nezakonnoho obihu narkotychnykh zasobiv i psykhotropnykh rechovyn vid 20 hrudnia 1988 r.: zakonodavstvo u sferi obihu narkotychnykh zasobiv, psykhotropnykh rechovyn, yikh analohiv ta prekursoriv: 36. normat. aktiv. (2006). (Part 1–2); Part 1. Kyiv: Kyiv. nats. un-t vnutr. sprav, 191–231 [in Ukrainian]
Resolution adopted (S-20/4 D) by the General Assembly: Measures to enhance international cooperation to counter the world drug problem 10.06.1998. URL: http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/20sp/a20spr04.htm.
Politychna deklaratsiia dvadtsiatoi spetsialnoi sesii Heneralnoi Asamblei OON, prysviachenoi spilnii roboti zi svitovoiu problemoiu narkotykiv, vid 10 chervnia 1998 r. URL: http://zakon1. rada. gov. ua/cgi-bin/ laws/main. cgi? nreg=994_123 [in Ukrainian].
Mizhnarodna konventsiia pro borotbu z finansuvanniam teroryzmu vid 9 hrudnia 1999 r. № 995_518. URL: http://zakon1. rada. gov. ua/cgi-bin/laws/main. cgi? nreg=995_518 [in Ukrainian].
Konventsiia Orhanizatsii Obiednanykh Natsii proty transnatsionalnoi orhanizovanoi zlochynnosti: pryiniata rezoliutsiieiu 55/25 Heneralnoi Asamblei vid 15 lystopada 2000 r., kod akta 35837/2006. (2006). Ofitsiinyi visnyk Ukrainy, 14, 340, art. 1056 [in Ukrainian].
Declaration of Principles of the Basel Committee on banking regulations and control practice of international banking community of December 12, 1988. URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbsc137.pdf.
Sorok rekomendatsii Hrupy z rozrobky finansovykh zakhodiv borotby z vidmyvanniam hroshei (FATF) vid 25 veresnia 2003 r. № 835_001. (2003). Uriadovyi kurier [in Ukrainian].
Pro vidmyvannia, poshuk, aresht ta konfiskatsiiu dokhodiv, oderzhanykh zlochynnym shliakhom: Konventsiia Rady Yevropy vid 8 lystopada 1990 r. (1998). Ofitsiinyi visnyk Ukrainy, 13, 304 [in Ukrainian]
Dyrektyva Rady 91/308/IeES vid 19 chervnia 1991 roku pro zapobihannia vykorystanniu finansovoi systemy dlia vidmyvannia hroshei. URL: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_148 6 [in Ukrainian].
Dyrektyva 2001/97/IeS Yevropeiskoho parlamentu i Rady Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu, yaka vnosyt zminy v Dyrektyvu Rady 91/308/IeES shchodo zapobihannia vykorystanniu finansovoi systemy z metoiu vidmyvannia hroshei: Deklaratsiia Komisii. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/994_501 [in Ukrainian].
Dyrektyva 2005/60/IeS Yevropeiskoho parlamentu ta Rady pro zapobihannia vykorystanniu finansovoi systemy z metoiu vidmyvannia koshtiv ta finansuvannia teroryzmu. URL: http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_774 [in Ukrainian].
Dyrektyva (IeS) 2015/849 Yevropeiskoho parlamentu ta Rady vid 20 travnia 2015 r. pro zapobihannia vykorystanniu finansovoi systemy dlia vidmyvannia hroshei ta finansuvannia teroryzmu, shcho vnosyt zminy do Rehlamentu (IeS) № 648/2012 Yevropeiskoho parlamentu ta Rady i prypyniaie diiu Dyrektyvy 2005/60/IeS Yevropeiskoho parlamentu ta Rady i Dyrektyvy Komisii 2006/70/IeS. URL: http://www.sdfm.gov.ua/content/file/Site_docs/2016/20160516/DIRECTIVE%20(EU)%20 2015_UA.htm [in Ukrainian].
Directive (EU) 2018/843 of the European parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive (EU) 2015/849 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, and amending Directives 2009/138/EC and 2013/36/EU (Text with EEA relevance)// OJ, L 156, 19.6.2018, p. 43–74.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Владислав Ігоревич Шкурко
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
