Decision of the court as a result of the occurence, change, termination and adjustment of subjective civil liability (theoretical and practical aspects)

Abstract

One of the main reasons for the occurence, change, termination and adjustment of subjective civil responsibility is a legal fact. Under the legal fact in theory, the specific circumstances envisaged by the rules of law are understood, with the occurrence, change and termination of legal relations. Often, subjective civil rights and responsibilities arise from obligations (contractual, non-contractual), as well as from a unilateral transaction. However, the Civil Code of Ukraine (hereinafter the Civil Code of Ukraine) provided for the possibility of civil rights and responsibilities arising from acts of civil law (Part 3 of Article 11 of the Civil Code of Ukraine), as well as in cases established by acts of civil law, civil rights and responsibilities may arise from a court decision (Part 5 of Article 11 of the Civil Code of Ukraine). Concerning this provision in practical activity there are problematic issues, namely the possibility of generating court decisions of obligations

Thus, the purpose of the article is to analyze the occurance, change, termination and adjustment of subjective responsibility by a court decision.

Subjective responsibility  arises in a commitment (contractual or non-contractual). In case of non-fulfillment or improper performance of a subjective responsibility by the debtor, the creditor has the right to apply to the court for the protection of his violated right. In this case, the subjective responsibility that arose in a contractual obligation turns into civil liability, and with the decision of the court a new category of subjective responsibility arises, ie the category of responsibility is combined with the category of civil- legal liability). Consequently, a court decision gives rise to a new subjective responsibility, which must be performed voluntarily or by force.

Consequently, in the cases of voluntary fulfillment by the obligated person of the main and additional responsibility, the category of responsibility is applied to this person, and with the request for protection of the violated rights by the authorized person to the state authorities, there is an omission of the obligated person (offender) civil liability.

Thus, the main objective of a court decision is to oblige an inadequate debtor to enforce obligations imposed on him in favor of the creditor. In other words, these are responsibilities that are directly prescribed in a specific procedural document and are mandatory for execution. A judicial decision gives rise to an obligation in cases where the defendant (debtor) is entrusted with a subjective obligation, the enforcement of which is mandatory, and the exercise of the subjective right by the plaintiff (creditor) to accept the performance in the amount and under the conditions determined by the court solution.