Contribution of Hersch Lauterpacht to the Development of International Protection of Human Rights
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990X.162.285449Keywords:
Lauterpacht, war, armed conflict, human rights, international law, natural law, international legal orderAbstract
The article is devoted to Hersch Lauterpacht's contribution to the development of the concept of international protection of human rights and international human rights law in general. The study analyzes relevant norms of international law and scientific works of Hersch Lauterpacht; considerable attention is paid to the reviews of leading scientists on Hersch Lauterpacht's books "An International Bill of the Rights of Man" published in 1945 and "International Law and Human Rights" in 1950. The purpose of the article is to, based on the analysis of Hersch Lauterpacht's scientific works, investigate his contribution to the development of the concept of international protection of human rights. Both general (dialectical and systemic-structural) and special (historical-legal, comparative-legal and formal-dogmatic) scientific methods were used in the research. The article defines the prerequisites for Hersch Lauterpacht's choice of international human rights protection as his scientific interest, explores the peculiarities of the scientific environment within which Hersch Lauterpacht developed the concept of international human rights protection, outlines the main doctrinal approaches to the control mechanism of human rights protection. Particular attention is paid to the progressiveness of Hersch Lauterpacht's concept of international control over the observance of human rights and obstacles to its establishment at the universal level. On the basis of the conducted research, the conclusion was formulated that Hersch Lauterpacht, among a number of scientists of the middle of the 20th century who developed the concepts of international legal regulations of human rights, most thoroughly, after investigating the genesis of the formation of human rights and using natural law approaches, proposed a model of effective international protection of human rights. Hersch Lauterpacht's views on the need for real guarantees of human rights at the universal level, rather than a simple declaration, were quite advanced and far ahead of their time. To a certain extent, they can be perceived as idealistic since even today, the achievement of the same universal international standard of guaranteeing human rights (especially economic, social and cultural) is improbable.
References
Koskenniemi, M. (1997). Lauterpacht: The Victorian Tradition in International Law. European Journal of International Law, 8(2), 215-263. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejil.a015565.
Feinberg, N. (1968). Hersch Lauterpacht - Jurist and Thinker. Israel Law Review, 3(3), 333-344.
Gutnik. V.V. (2021). Problems of the Law of War in the Scientific Works of Hersh Lauterpacht. Philosophical and Methodological Problems of Law, 1(21), 54-59. https://doi.org/10.33270/02212101.54
Lauterpacht, H. (1933). The Function of Law in the International Community. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Gutnik. V.V., Yavorskyi, Y.T. (2022). The Law of International Treaties in Scientific Works of Hersh Lauterpacht. Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod National University. Law Series, 69, 438-443. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.69.72
Lauterpacht, H. (1950). Sovereignty over Submarine Areas. British Year Book of International Law, 27, 376-433.
Vrdoljak, A.F. (2009). Human Rights and Genocide: The Work of Lauterpacht and Lemkin in Modern International Law. European Journal of International Law, 20(4), 1163-1194. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp090.
Lauterpacht, H. (1997). The European Tradition in International Law. European Journal of International Law, 8(2), 215-315. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/ejil/issue/8/2.
Jenks, C.W. (1960). Hersch Lauterpacht: The Scholar as Prophet. British Year Book of International Law, 36, 1-103.
Kresic, M. (2019). The Role of Peace in Kelsen and Lauterpacht's Theories of International Law. Miscellaneous. Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Splitu, 56(2), 485-502.
Simpson, A.W. (2003). Human Rights Visionary Hersch Lauterpacht. Law Quadrangle, 46, 66-73. Retrieved from https://repository.law.umich.edu/lqnotes/vol46/iss2/9.
Jessup, P. (1945). Book review: "An International Bill of the Rights of Man. By H. Lauterpacht. New York: Columbia University Press; 1945. Pp. x, 230". The American Journal of International Law, 39(4), 847-850. https://doi.org/10.2307/2193431.
Meyer, C. (1951). Book review: "International Law and Human Rights. By H. Lauterpacht. London: Stevens & Sons Limited, 1950". Harvard Law Review, 64(3), 519-522.
McDougal, M.S. (1951). Book review: "International Law and Human Rights. By H. Lauterpacht. London: Stevens & Sons Limited, 1950. pp. 475, xvi". Yale Law Journal, 60, 1051-1056.
Book review: "International Law and Human Rights by H. Lauterpacht, Q.C., LL.D., F.B.A.: Stevens & Sons Ltd., London 1950". (1951). Northern Ireland Legal Quartlery, 9(3), 175-176.
Lauterpacht, E. (2010). The Life of Hersch Lauterpacht. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511723278.
Rabinovych, P. (2017). Professor Hersh Lauterpacht is the First Draftsman of the UN Special Body for Monitoring Compliance with its International Bill of Human Rights. Law of Ukraine,4, 26-33.
Rabinovych, P., Osoba, V. (2013). Professor H. Lauterpacht is the Author of the Idea and the First Draft of the International Bill (Universal Declaration) of Human Rights. Bulletin of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, 4, 3-10.
Sheredko, O. (2021). The influence of H. Lauterpacht on the Establishment of Fundamental Human Rights. Scientific Bulletin of the International Humanitarian University. Jurisprudence series, 51, 25–28.
Sheredko, O.М. (2021). Jusnaturalism is the Basis of the Concept of International Protection of Human Rights in the Works of H. Lauterpacht. Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod National University. Law Series, 64, 392-396. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.64.72.
Lewis, W.D. (1943). International Bill of Rights Project. Pennsylvania Bar Association Quarterly, 15(1), 21-38.
Murchie, H. H. (1942). The Implications of the Proposal to Formulate an International Bill of Rights. Boston University Law Review, 22 (2), 236-240.
Wunderlich, G. M. (1942). Preparing an International Bill of Rights – The German Conception of Fundamental Rights. Proceedings of the American Branch of the International Law Association, 13-53.
British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL). Retrieved from https://www.biicl.org/history-of-biicl.
Report of the Executive Committee. (1942). Transactions of the Grotius Society, 28, xxii-xxiii. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/742858.
Kuratowski, R. (1942). International Law and the Naval, Military and Air Force Courts of Foreign Governments in the United Kingdom. Transactions of the Grotius Society, 28, 1-25. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/742859.
Weis, G. (1942). International Criminal Justice in Time of Peace. Transactions of the Grotius Society, 28, 27-63. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/742860.
Goodhart, A.L. (1942). International Law and the Causes of War. Transactions of the Grotius Society, 28, 65-82. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/742861.
Jenks, C.W. (1942). Some Legal Aspects of the Financing of International Institutions. Transactions of the Grotius Society, 28, 87-132. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/742863.
West, R. (1942). The Psychological Status of Present International Law. Transactions of the Grotius Society, 28, 133-150. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/742864.
Nationality in International Law. (1942). Transactions of the Grotius Society, 28, 151–168. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/742865.
Report of the Executive Committee. (1943). Transactions of the Grotius Society, 29, xxii-xxiv.
Lauterpacht, H. (1943). The Law of Nations, the Law of Nature and the Rights of Man. Transactions of the Grotius Society, 29, 1-34.
Lauterpacht, H. (1945). An International Bill of the Rights of Man. New York: Columbia University Press.
United Nations Charter. (1945). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/full-text.
Fact Sheet No. 2 (Rev.1): The International Bill of Human Rights. (1996). Retrieved from https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/236856?ln=en.
Human Rights, the Charter of the United Nations, and the International Bill of the Rights of Man: Preliminary Report by professor H. Lauterpacht. (1948). UN. Doc. E/CN.4/89. Retrieved from https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/564241?ln=en
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1948). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights.
Lauterpacht, H. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. British Year Book of International Law, 25, 354-381.
Lauterpacht, H. (1950). International Law and Human Rights. London: Stevens & Sons Limited.
Repetskyi, V.M. (Ed.). (2012). International Public Law. Kyiv: Znannia.
Shestack, J. (1998). Globalization of Human Rights Law. University of New Brunswick Law Journal, 47, 558-568.
Mushkat, R. (2002). Culture and International Law: Universalism v. Relativism. Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law, 6, 1028-1042.
Gutnyk, V.V. (2018). The Right to Protection in International Criminal Courts: Doctrine and Practice. M.V. Buromenskyi (Ed.). Lviv; Kharkiv; Odesa: Phoenix.
Freeman, M. (1995). The Morality of Cultural Pluralism. International Journal of Children's Rights, 3, 1-17.
Lauterpacht, E. (1997). Sir Hersch Lauterpacht: 1897-1960. European Journal of International Law, 8(2), 313-320.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Віталій Гутник
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
